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杰斐逊首任就职演说FirstInauguralAddress
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托马斯·杰斐逊ThomasJefferson
托马斯·杰斐逊(1743—1826),《独立宣言》和《弗吉尼亚宗教自由法案》的起草者、弗吉尼亚大学创建人,也是美国第三任总统。
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Duriofopinihwhichassedtheanimationofdissaionshassometimesectwhichmightimpersuhiospeakandtowritewhattheythink;butthisbeinghevoiceofthenation,announcedagtotherulesofthestitution,allwill,ofcethemselvesuhewillofthelaw,anduniteisfortheongood.All,too,willbearinmindthissaciple,thatthoughthewillofthemajorityisioprevail,thatwillthtfulmustbereasoheminoritypossesstheirequalrights,whichequallawmustprotedtoviolatewouldbeoppressioheizehoandonemioretosotercoursethatharmonyahoutwhichlibertyaselfarebutdrearythings.Ausreflectthat,havingbanishedfromourlandthatreligiousintoleranderwhidsolongbledandsuffered,wehaveyetgaileifweceapolititoleraic,asableofasbitterandbloodyperses.Durihroesandsoftheawtheagonizingspasmsofinfuriatedmahroughbloodandslaughterhislong-lostliberty,itwastheagitationofthebillowsshouldreathisdistantandpeacefulshore;thatthisshouldbemorefeltandfearedbysomeahers,andshoulddivideopinionsastomeasuresofsafety.Buteverydifferenionisnotadifferenciple.Wehavecalledbydifferehrenofthesameprinciple.ublis,weareallFederalists.IftherebeanyamongusishtodissolvethisUnieitsrepubli,letthemstandundisturbedasmohesafetywithwhicherrorofopinioedwherereasoobatit.Iksomehohatarepublient,thatthisGoverstrongenough;butwouldthehoriot,iideofsuccessfulexperiment,abandowhichhassofarkeptusfreeandfirmoidvisiohisGoverheworld'sbesthope,maybypossibilitywaopreserveitself?Itrusthis,orary,thestrooh.Ibelieveittheonlyonewhereeveryman,atthecallofthelaw,wouldflytothestandardofthelaw,andwouldmeetinvasionsofthepublicorderashisownpersoimesitissaidthatmanotbetrustedwiththegoverofhimself.he,theedwiththegoverhers?Orhavewefouheformsofkingstogoveroryahisquestion.
&hen,withdcepursueouroubliciples,ourattattounioivegover.Kiedbynatureandawideotheexterminatinghavoequarteroftheglobe;toohigh-mihedegradatiohers;possessiry,withroomenoughforourdeststothethousandthandthousaiaduesenseofourequalrighttotheuseofourowheasofourownindustry,tohonorandourfellows,resultingnotfrombirth,butfromouradtheirsehem;enlightenedbyabenignreligion,professed,indeed,andpravariousforms,yetalloftheminghoh,temperaudeandtheloveofman;aowledgingandadanProvidence,whichbyallitsdispensatiodelightsinthehappinessofmanhereaerhappihalltheseblessings,whatmoreisomakeusahappyandaprosperouspeople?Stillohingmore,fellow-s—awiseandfrugalGover,whichshallrestrainmenfroher,shallleavethemotherwisefreetulatetheirownpursuitsofindustrya,andshallhemouthoflaborthebreadithasearhisisthesumofgoodgoverhisisoclosethecircleofourfelicities.
Abouttoeizens,ontheexerciseofdutieswhiprehehingdearandvaluabletoyou,itisproperyoushoulduandwhatIdeemtheessentialprinciplesover,ahosewhichoughttoshapeitsadministration.Iwillpressthemwithinthepasstheywillbear,statingthegeneralpriallitslimitations.Equalaien,ofwhateverstateorpersuasiiousorpolitical;peaerestfriendshipwithallanglingalliahoftheStategoversis,asthemostpetentadministrationsforourdomestisabulwarksagainstantirepublicies;thepreservationoftheGeinitswholestitutionalvigor,asthesheetanchorofourpeaeayabroad;ajealouscarehtofelebythepeople—amildaiveofabusesedbytheswordofrevolutionwherepeaceableremediesareunprovided;absoluteathedeajority,thevitalprincipleofrepubliwhioappealbuttoforce,thevitalprindimmediatepareism;awell-disedmilitia,ourbestrelianpeadforthefirstmomentsularsmayrelievethem;thesupremacyoftheilitaryauthority;eyinthepublise,thatlabormaybelightlyburthepaymentofourdebtsandsacredpreservationofthepublicfaith;eofagriculture,andoferceasitshandmaid;thediffusionofinformatiofallabusesatthebarofthepubli;freediohepress,andfreedomofpersoheproteofthehabeasdtrialbyjuriesimpartiallyselected.Theseprihebrightstellationwhiebeforeusaepsthroughanageofrevolutioion.Thewisdesandbloodofourheroeshavebeeheirattaiheyshouldbethecreedofourpoliticalfaith,thetextofstru,thetouebywhichtotrytheservicesofthosewetrust;andshouldwewahemisoferrororofalarm,letushasteraceourstepsaheroadwhieleadstopeace,libertyay…
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我们经历了一段时期的辩论,当时,大家讨论得很热烈,竞相奔走。
初识的人,对自由思考不习惯,不习惯把心中的想法自由地说出来或写出来,初见这种情形时,可能面面相觑。
而现在经全国的民众一致决定了,并根据宪法的规定加以公布,大家当然会在法律的意旨之下,妥善安排,并且团结一致,为共同利益而努力。
大家也会记住一项神圣的原则,即大多数人的意志,虽然在任何情形下都应采用,但这种意志必须合理,才能切实可行;而且少数人也同样享有这些权利,必须受到法律的平等保护,如果加以侵犯,便是压迫。
因此,我们应当团结起来,齐心协力,在相处中应恢复和睦与友爱。
因为如果没有它们,自由,甚至生活本身,都将成为死气沉沉的事物。
我们还应想到,我们已经把宗教上的偏执性摒弃于国度之外,这种偏执性已经使人类流血甚多、受苦良久。
如果我们又鼓励政治上的偏执性,而且其专横与邪恶以及所造成的酷烈而血腥的迫害,与宗教裁判所导致的后果不相上下,那么,我们的进步微乎其微。
当旧世界经历痛苦和激变时,当盛怒的人备受痛苦,想经由血腥与屠杀寻找他们丧失已久的自由时,那如滚滚浪涛般的震撼将会波及遥远而和平的彼岸。
每个人对此事的感觉与恐惧的程度各异,对有关安全措施的意见也发生分歧,这没有什么好奇怪的。
但是,意见的差异并非说明原则的差异。
与我们遵守同一原则的弟兄们,曾被冠以各种各样的称号。
我们都是共和党人,我们都是联邦同盟会员。
如果我们当中有人想解散这一联邦,或者想改变它的共和体制,我们也不会干扰他们,这样做就为安全树立了标志,表明只要理智能够自由地进行对抗,即使是错误亦是可以容许的。
我当然知道有些诚实的民众担心共和政府不够强大有力,但是一个诚实的爱国者,当这个被寄托世界上最美好希望的政府正在成功地进行试验之时,仅因一种理论上的、虚幻的疑惧,就以为这个政府可能连生存的能力都没有,就因此放弃这个一直确保我们自由和安全的政府吗?我想肯定不会。
相反,我相信这个政府是世界上最强大的政府,在这个政府的管理下,无论什么人,一听到法律的召唤,就会飞奔而来响应法律的号召,而且会对处理侵犯公共秩序的行为,如同处理自己的私事—样。
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