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beforeIiversity.Ithinkitwastenmonthsbefore.Shetoldmethatplagiarismyingother’swother’sideawerebothasofplagiarisShealsotoldmeabouttheces.Thecradeandpersowillbeaffected.（StudentC21）
Thenewssaiditisillegalbehavior.shavetherightthattheirliteraryaputareprotected.PlagiarizingbehaviorletobefiudentC10）
&oldusthatdonotcopytheessaywhichyouseeonthebook...Besidesthat，tea’tsaywhataslagiarisSoallIknolagiarismisessayisplagiarisButIdonotknowifIcopyafewsewilltasplagiarismornot.（StudentC9）
&hatmashaveneverreyinstruplagiarisminaisiheresultsofBamfordandSergiou（2005），andZhang，Li，andDuan（2008）.Thissuggeststhatalaatistruplagiarismiioialcauseforesestudents’beingaorelikelytoplagiarize.
3.1.3Studeeddegreeofplagiarism
Wheheyhadaderstandingofplagiarism，alltheAmeripartitsbelievedtheydid.Asfortheesestudents，most（70.4%）ofthemaheother29.6%thoughttheydidnothaveaderstandihestratedbyboththeAmeridesestudentsportedbytheirperformanjudgiobeplagiarismornot.OnlyfiveAmeritsandtwoesestudeely.Thedetailedresultsmentswillbereportediiothestudeedknowledgeofplagiarismandtheirrealknowledgeofplagiarismiheymaylackadequateself-awarenessofwhattheyreallyknolagiarism;theythoughttheykheythoughtwhattheyuoodofplagiarismlagiarismwasreallyabout.Thismismatchalsocallsforquestios’self-repability.Therefore，othermethodologiessuchastestis’judgmentsonplagiarismandinterviewsareoeiooobtainmorereliabledata.
3.2Students’aboutplagiarism
Knowingaboutstudents’helpteaderstaheirknotionsofplagiarismaeacherstohelpthemgaiandingofplagiarisAlltheAmeritsreportedtheyhadnoaboutplagiarismandwereverytintheirofplagiarisIntrast，theesestudentsexpressedaboutthedefinitionofplagiarism，ces，and，mainly，whatasweresideredplagiarisRegardiects，i.e.，thedefinitionandcesofplagiarism，studeoknowwhattheywere.Butasforwhatastitutedplagiarism，theyexpressedbothands.OalkedabouthisexperiengonlineresourdbeingaccusedbyhishighsstrutheUS.Hewaswritingahedangerofexcessivedrinking，butheotthinkofmanyceshimself.Therefore，hesearchedtheesewebsiteBaidu（aseareusedbymostesepeopleatoGoogleintheUS）formoreinformatioigaboutthepotentialharmtoomuchalcohol.Thinkingituseful，hesummarizedthatartidtrahesummaryintoEnglish.Whenaskedwhyhedidhesourwhereheobtaiinformationbyhisinstructor，heaheessayhimself.Hewasaccusedafterwardssirusistedthatthepotentialharmofexcessivedrinkingdisthatessaysoundedprofessional，amusthaveborrowedothers’informatioerview，heaskedmeifIthoughtthatlagiarisIsaidyes.Heseemedveryupset.Iaskedwhyhesaidthathewrotetheessayhimselfandaskedifhedidnotadmitusingonlineresourcesbecausehewasafraidofbeingaccused.Hesaid，
ItwasnotthatIdarednotadmit.ItwasthatIdidnotthinkIlagiarizingatall...becauseIdidnotcopytheseIwasjustsummariziitheproarizing，Iaddedmyaherefore，Ithinkthatisnotplagiaris（StudentC4）
ThisiesestudentsmayhavediffereandingsofwhatastituteplagiarisThiserandingofplagiarismbefurtherevideherinterviewee’sreflehishighschoolexperieheUS.
IwasshomyhighschohtmeplagiarizingbecauseIaskedthefatherinmyhostfamilytorevisemyessayforme!Iwrotethedraftaoeditforme.Theideawasmihelpiheexpressions.That[beingaccused]wasverydisg...ButIwasnottheonlyone.Oneofmyclassmateswasalybecauseheusedonewordfromthevideogameorldcraft）Theteachersaidthatwasatermandhe[myclassmate]otwritethewordonhisowhavecopieditfromsomeoudentC14）
&siesestudentsmayhavesomeaboutwhataswereplagiariziheyweretoldbytheirinstructorslagiarismwas，itmighttakethemlestandabsorbtheWesternnotion.
3.3Judgingplagiarism:astudeive
&swereaskedtojudgeifthetencaseswereplagiarismandiftheytablebehavior.Table3reportsthementsofthedAmerits.Table4preseailedresultsforthestudents’judgmerespoeforeachcase.
3.3.1Overallessofjudgments
ThisstudymakesadistiweeswhoreceivedtheirhighschooledudthosewhoreceivedtheirhighschooledutheUS.Thisdivisionisreasoheresultsshedifferehecorreseratesbetweewogroupsofstudehatlookingatallesestudeherwouldbemisleading，asshowhedisbelow.
Table3.Corresesofjudgments
Note:dsfortheesepartitswhoreceivedtheirhighschooledua;dsfortheesepartitswhoreceivedtheirhighschooledutheUS;CH-ALLstandsforalltheesepartits.
Ihe“Nments”
displaysthehecaseswherethestudejudgments.“Miheminimumcorresesprovidedbythestudents;“Max”
referstothemostcorresesprovidedbythestudents;“Meaheaveragenumberofcorresesprovidedbythestudents.Itwascalculatedbythesumofthecorresesofallthepartithegroupdividedbythetotalhepartithatgroup.Thatbeingsaid，forexample，theMinfortheAmeritswassix.Thismeansthat，amongthe17USpartits，theonewhoprovidedthefewestcmentsmadesixcmeendalltheothersmadeequaltoormorethansixcmeeheMaxforAmeritswaste，amongthe17USpartits，theonewhoprovidedthemostcorresesjudgedalltely.TheMeanfortheAmeripartitswaseight，meaningthate，everyAmeritmadeeightcments.ItwascalculatedbydividingthesumofeachAmerit’scorresesbythetotalheAmerits.
Takingallthe27esestudentsasagroup，thefewestcorreseswerefour;themostcorreseswereten;andtheaveragecorreseswereseven.Itbeseenthatboththehefewestandtheaveragecorresesofthe27esestudentsweremuchsmallerthaheAmerits，signifyingthediffereheuandingofplagiarismbetweewogroupsofstudents.However，whentherespohefiveesestudeheirhighschooledutheUSarately，theresultsshowedthatthisgroupofstudentssuchhigher:thefewestcorreseswereeight;themostcorreseswereten;andtheaveragewashefiveesestudeedfrroup，theother22esestudentshadeveresponses:fourforthefewest;hemost;andsixe.ThissuggeststhattheAmerihighschooleduflueudents’judgmeionsofplagiarismandthat“despitevariousiuralgesandstruggles，mostesestudents...havemaosurvivethedemandsofthelearningeoadaptanddevelop”
（Gu&Brooks，2008，p.340）.Oherhand，itsignalsthelastruplagiarisminesehighschools，otentiallycausedstudents’anddiffiuaionofplagiarisHowever，weshouldbecautiouswheheseresultssiheheCH-USgroupisrelativelysmall.
3.3.2Students’judgmeencases
&swereaskedtojudgeifthetencaseswereplagiarism，andifthoseastableregardlessofthoseasbeingplagiarismornmentsareshowhetable，“Plagiarism”
measjudgedthatcaseasplagiarism;“Acceptable”
meassideredthataacceptable.“essrate”
istheperberofthestudentswhomadethecmentforacase.Similartotheoverallrateanalysis，theesestudeheirhighschooledutheUSaingfromaesehighschoolarately;theresultsforthisanalysisareinTable5.
&udents’judgmentsontencases
Table5.esestudents’judgmentsvis-à-viswheretheyattendedhighschool
Note:dsfortheesepartitswhoreceivedtheirhighschooledua;dsfortheesepartitswhoreceivedtheirhighschooledutheUS.“Plagiarism”
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